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Have you ever
tried
to
picture
an ideal world
?
One
without
war
poverty
or
crime
?
If
so
you're
not
alone
Plato
imagined
an
enlightened
republic
ruled
by
philosopher
kings
Many
religions
promise
bliss
in
the afterlife
And
throughout
history
Various
groups
have
tried
to
build
paradise
on earth
Thomas
More's
1516
book
'Utopia'
gave
this
concept
a
name
Greek
for
'no
place'
Though
the
name
suggested
impossibility
Modern
scientific
and
political
progress
Raised hopes
of
these
dreams
finally
becoming
reality
But
time and time again
they
instead
turned into
nightmares
Of
war
famine
and
oppression
And
as
artists
began to
question
utopian
thinking
The
genre
of
dystopia
the
not good place
was
born
One of the
earliest
dystopian
works
is
Jonathan
Swift's
'Gulliver's
travels'
Throughout
his
journey
Gulliver
encounters
fictional
societies
Some
of
which
at
first
seem
impressive
But
turn out to be
seriously
flawed
On
the
flying island
of
Laputa
Scientists
and
social
planners
pursue
extravagant
and
useless
schemes
While
neglecting
the
practical
needs
of
the
people
below
And
the
Houyhnhnm
who
live
in
perfectly
logical
harmony
Have no tolerance for
the
imperfections
of
actual
human
beings
With
his
novel
Swift
established
a
blueprint
for
dystopia
Imagining
a
world
where
certain
trends
in
contemporary
society
Are
taken
to extremes
Exposing
their
underlying
flaws
And
the
next
few
centuries
would
provide
plenty
of
material
Industrial
technology
that
promised
to
free
laborers
Imprisoned
them
in
slums
and
factories
instead
While
tycoons
grew
richer
than
kings
By the late
1800's
many
feared
where
such
conditions
might
lead
H
G
Wells's
'The
Time
Machine'
imagined
upper classes
and
workers
Evolving
into
separate
species
While
Jack
London's
'The
Iron
Heel'
portrayed
a
tyrannical
oligarchy
Ruling over
impoverished
masses
The
new
century
brought
more
exciting
and
terrifying
changes
Medical
advances
made
it
possible
to
transcend
biological
limits
While
mass
media
allowed
instant
communication
Between
leaders
and
the
public
In
Aldous
Huxley's
'Brave
New
World'
Citizens
are
genetically
engineered
And
conditioned
to
perform
their
social
roles
While
propaganda
and
drugs
keep
the
society
happy
It's
clear
some
crucial
human
element
is
lost
But
the
best
known
dystopias
were
not
imaginary
at all
As
Europe
suffered
unprecedented
industrial
warfare
New
political
movements
took
power
Some
promised
to
erase
all
social
distinctions
While
others
sought to
unite
people
around
a
mythical
heritage
The
results
were
real-world
dystopias
Where
life
passed
under
the
watchful eye
of
the
State
And
death
came
with
ruthless
efficiency
to
any
who
didn't belong
Many
writers
of the time
didn't just
observe
these
horrors
But
lived through
them
In
his
novel
'We'
Soviet
writer
Yevgeny
Zamyatin
described
a
future
Where
free
will
and
individuality
were
eliminated
Banned
in
the
USSR
the
book
inspired
authors
like
George
Orwell
Who
fought on the front lines
against
both
fascism
and
communism
While
his
novel
'Animal
Farm'
directly
mocked the
Soviet
regime
The
classic
'1984'
was
a
broader
critique
of
totalitarianism
Media
and
language
And
in
the
USA
Sinclair
Lewis's
'It
Can't
Happen
Here'
Envisioned
how
easily
democracy
gave way to
fascism
In
the
decades
after
world war ii
Writers
wondered
what
new
technologies
Like
atomic energy
artificial intelligence
and
space travel
Meant
for
humanity's
future
Contrasting
with
popular
visions
of
shining
progress
Dystopian
science fiction
expanded
to
films
comics
and
games
Robots
turned against
their
creators
While
TV
screens
broadcast
deadly
mass entertainment
Workers
toiled
in
space
colonies
above
an
Earth
of
depleted resources
And
overpopulated
crime-plagued
cities
Yet
politics
was
never
far away
Works
like
'Dr
Strangelove'
and
'Watchmen'
explored
The
real
threat
of
nuclear war
While
'V
for
Vendetta'
and
'The
Handmaid's
Tale'
Warned
how
easily
our
rights
could
disappear
in
a
crisis
And
today's
dystopian
fiction
continues
to
reflect
modern
anxieties
About
inequality
Climate
change
Government
power
And
global
epidemics
So
why
bother
with
all
this
pessimism
?
Because
at their heart
dystopias
are
cautionary tales
Not
about
some
particular
government
or
technology
But
the very idea
that
humanity
can
be
molded
into
an
ideal
shape
Think back to
the
perfect
world
you
imagined
Did
you
also
imagine
what
it
would take
to
achieve
?
How
would
you
make
people
cooperate
?
And
how
would
you
make
sure
it
lasted
?
Now
take
another
look
Does
that
world
still
seem
perfect
?