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Translate the highlighted words as you listen to the song
If
you
can't
imagine
life
without
chocolate
You're
lucky
you
weren't born
before
the
16th century
Until then
chocolate
only
existed
in
Mesoamerica
In
a
form
quite
different from
what
we know
As far back as
1900
BCE
The
people
of
that
region
had
learned to
prepare
the
beans
Of the
native
cacao tree
The
earliest
records
tell
us
the
beans
were ground
And
mixed
with
cornmeal
and
chili peppers
To
create
a
drink
Not
a
relaxing
cup
of
hot cocoa
But
a
bitter
invigorating
concoction
frothing
with
foam
And
if
you
thought
we
make a big deal
about
chocolate
today
The
Mesoamericans
had us beat
They
believed
that
cacao
was
a
heavenly
food
Gifted
to
humans
by
a
feathered serpent god
Known to
the
Maya
as
Kukulkan
And
to
the
Aztecs
as
Quetzalcoatl
Aztecs
used
cacao
beans
as
currency
And
drank
chocolate
at
royal
feasts
Gave
it
to
soldiers
as
a
reward
for
success
in
battle
And
used
it
in
rituals
The
first
transatlantic
chocolate
encounter
occurred
in
1519
When
Hernán
Cortés
visited
the
court
of
Moctezuma
At
Tenochtitlan
As recorded by
Cortés's
lieutenant
The
king
had
50
jugs
of the
drink
brought out
And
poured
into
golden
cups
When
the
colonists
returned
with
shipments
of the
strange
new
bean
Missionaries'
salacious
accounts
of
native
customs
Gave
it
a
reputation
as
an
aphrodisiac
At first
its
bitter
taste
made
it
suitable
as
a
medicine
for
ailments
Like
upset stomachs
But
sweetening
it
with
honey
sugar
or
vanilla
Quickly
made
chocolate
a
popular
delicacy
in the
Spanish
court
And
soon
no
aristocratic
home
was
complete
Without
dedicated
chocolate ware
The
fashionable
drink
was
difficult
And
time consuming
to
produce
on a large scale
That
involved
using
plantations
and
imported
slave labor
In the
Caribbean
and
on
islands
off the coast
of
Africa
The
world
of
chocolate
would change
forever
in
1828
With
the
introduction
of the
cocoa press
By
Coenraad
van Houten
of
Amsterdam
Van
Houten's
invention
could
separate
the
cocoa's
natural
fat
Or
cocoa butter
This
left
a
powder
that
could be mixed
into
a
drinkable
solution
Or
recombined
with
the
cocoa butter
To
create
the
solid
chocolate
we know
today
Not long after
a
Swiss
chocolatier
named
Daniel
Peter
Added
powdered milk
to
the
mix
Thus
inventing
milk chocolate
By
the
20th
century
chocolate
was no longer
an
elite
luxury
But
had become
a
treat
for
the
public
Meeting
the
massive
demand
required
more
cultivation
of
cocoa
Which
can
only
grow
near
the
equator
Now
instead of
African
slaves
being shipped
To
South American
cocoa
plantations
Cocoa
production
itself
would shift
to
West Africa
With
Cote d'Ivoire
providing
two-fifths
of the
world's
cocoa
as of
2015
Yet
along with
the
growth
of the
industry
There have been
horrific
abuses
of
human rights
Many
of the
plantations
throughout
West Africa
Which
supply
Western
companies
Use
slave
and
child labor
With
an
estimation
of
more than
2
million
children
affected
This
is
a
complex
problem
that
persists
Despite
efforts
from
major
chocolate
companies
To
partner with
African
nations
To
reduce
child
and
indentured labor
practices
Today
chocolate
has established itself
In the
rituals
of
our
modern
culture
Due to
its
colonial
association
with
native
cultures
Combined
with
the
power
of
advertising
Chocolate
retains
an
aura
of
something
sensual
Decadent
And
forbidden
Yet
knowing
more
about
its
fascinating
and
often
cruel
history
As well as
its
production
today
Tells
us
where
these
associations
originate
And
what
they
hide
So
as
you
unwrap
your
next
bar of chocolate
Take a moment
to
consider
that
not everything
about
chocolate
is
sweet